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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">catal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Катализ в промышленности</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kataliz v promyshlennosti</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0387</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-6476</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC "KALVIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18412/1816-0387-2017-4-266-277</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">catal-420</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ КАТАЛИЗА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL PROBLEMS OF CATALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности исследования и реализации экзотермических реакций на гетерогенных катализаторах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Special Aspects of Investigation and Implementation of Exothermic Reactions over Heterogeneous Catalysts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кипнис</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kipnis</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ctls@kalvis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева РАН, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>266</fpage><lpage>277</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; LLC "KALVIS", 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">LLC "KALVIS"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">LLC "KALVIS"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.catalysis-kalvis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.catalysis-kalvis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.catalysis-kalvis.ru/jour/article/view/420">https://www.catalysis-kalvis.ru/jour/article/view/420</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре проанализированы общие закономерности протекания экзотермических каталитических реакций на гетерогенных катализаторах. Представлены данные по исследованию и реализации ряда практически важных экзотермических каталитических реакций: парциального окисления углеводородов и СО, синтеза спиртов и углеводородов из СО и Н2, гидрирования углеводородов, предпочтительного окисления СО. При вариации температуры или концентрации поступающего на катализатор сырья система может проходить через воспламенение и затухание поверхности катализатора, переходя из состояния с низкой активностью в состояние с высокой активностью (внешнедиффузионный режим) и обратно так, что при этом наблюдается температурный или концентрационный гистерезис. С использованием критерия Семенова рассмотрены возможные варианты температурного профиля, устанавливающегося в трубчатом каталитическом реакторе при стационарном протекании экзотермической реакции. В зависимости от соотношения скоростей теплоподвода и теплоотвода можно классифицировать реакторы как изотермические, политропические, адиабатические. Политропические реакторы характеризуются наличием горячей зоны, смещенной к входу в слой катализатора. Отмечено, что на характер температурного профиля в слое катализатора влияют: протекание наряду с экзотермической реакцией реакции эндотермической, прочная адсорбция одного из реагентов, дезактивация катализатора. Рассмотрены особенности перехода реакции в режим неизотермических колебаний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review paper deals with analysis of general features of exothermic catalytic reactions over heterogeneous catalysts. Data on studying and arrangement of a number of practically important catalytic reactions are discussed: partial oxidation of hydrocarbons and CO, syntheses of alcohols and hydrocarbons from CO and H2, hydrocarbon hydrogenation, preferable oxidation of CO. Variations in temperature or concentration of materials fed to the catalyst may result the system in passing through ignition and fading of the catalyst surface by transiting from the low active state to the high active state (external diffusion control regime) and back so that a temperature or concentration hysteresis is observed. The Semenov criterion is used for considering possible temperature profiles established in the catalytic tube reactor during stationary exothermic reaction. The reactors can be classified into isothermic, polytropic, adiabatic depending on the ratio of heat supply and sink rates. The presence of the hot zone shifted to the inlet to the catalyst bed is characteristic of the polytropic reactors. It is emphasized that the temperature profile is influenced by: occurrence of an endothermic reaction along with the exothermic reaction; strong adsorption of one of the reactants; catalyst deactivation. Specific aspects of the reaction transition to the regime of non-isothermic oscillations are considered.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экзотермические реакции</kwd><kwd>внешнедиффузионный режим</kwd><kwd>температурный гистерезис</kwd><kwd>реакции окисления</kwd><kwd>гидрирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>exothermic reactions</kwd><kwd>the external diffusion control regime</kwd><kwd>temperature hysteresis</kwd><kwd>oxidation reactions</kwd><kwd>hydrogenation reactions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Франк-Каменецкий Д.А. Диффузия и теплопередача в химической кинетике. М.: Наука, 1967. 492 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Франк-Каменецкий Д.А. Диффузия и теплопередача в химической кинетике. 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