catalКатализ в промышленностиKataliz v promyshlennosti1816-03872413-6476LLC "KALVIS"catal-914Research Article2011 – МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ГОД ХИМИИ2011 - INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF CHEMISTRYКатализ в переработке биомассыCatalysis in biomass processingМурзинД. Ю.MurzinD. Yu.ctls@kalvis.ruСимаковаИ. Л.SimakovaI. L.ctls@kalvis.ruУниверситет Або Академи, ТуркуФинляндияAbo Akademi University, TurkuFinlandИнститут катализа им. Г.К. Борескова, НовосибирскРоссияBoreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, NovosibirskRussian Federation20111104202303840Copyright © LLC "KALVIS", 20232023LLC "KALVIS"LLC "KALVIS"https://www.catalysis-kalvis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.catalysis-kalvis.ru/jour/article/view/914

В последнее время биомасса рассматривается как сырье для производства топлива и химикатов. В настоящем обзоре обсуждаются причины повышенного интереса к биомассе (в основном, лигноцеллюлозной). Проанализированы основные технологии переработки биомассы: газификация, пиролиз и деполимеризация на основе гидролиза. Получаемые в последнем случае сахара можно перерабатывать в топливо или ключевые интермедиаты химической промышленности, что также обсуждается в обзоре. Лигноцеллюлозная биомасса содержит важные экстрагенты – жирные кислоты и терпены, поэтому в обзоре приведены каталитические реакции этих веществ для синтеза топлива и химикатов. Некоторые типичные реакции переработки биомассы: окисление, гидрирование, крекинг и др. близки концептуально к процессам, широко известным в нефтепереработке и химической промышленности. Однако существуют определенные особенности вследствие, например, большого количества функциональных (в частности, гидроксильных) групп, в связи с чем для переработки компонентов биомассы требуются дегидратация, альдольная конденсация, кетанизация, декарбоксилирование и т.д. В обзоре рассматриваются основы подходов к подбору катализаторов для этих реакций.

Last years, biomass is considered as a feed material for fuels and chemicals production. This review discusses the reasons for the increased interest in biomass, lignocellulosic mainly. Gasification, pyrolysis and depolymerization by hydrolysis as the key technology of biomass were analyzed. Also review discusses what sugars obtained as result of depolymerization by hydrolysis, can be processed into fuel or key intermediates of the chemical industry. Lignocellulosic biomass contains such cotton extractants as fatty acids and terpenes, and therefore overview gives catalytic reactions of these substances for the synthesis of fuels and chemicals. Some typical reactions of biomass processing: oxidation, hydrogenation, cracking, and others are close conceptually to the process widely known in the refining and chemical industries. However, there are certain characteristics due to, for example, a large number of functional (eg, hydroxyl) groups, and therefore the biomass components processing requires the dehydration, aldol condensation, ketanizatsiya, decarboxylation, etc. Overview covers the basics of the approaches to the selection of catalysts for these reactions.

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