Template synthesis of 3-D structured macroporous oxides and hierarchical zeolites

Since 1997 the method for the synthesis of macroporous supports is developed active using nanoscale templates that are deleted from the final product by burning or dissolution. In this paper the 3-D structured macroporous supports of different chemical nature were obtained by templating technology - aluminum oxide, dioxide of titanium and zirconium, as well as hierarchical silikalit and Fe-silikalit structure of zeolite ZSM-5. Templates consist of densely packed monodisperse polystyrene spheres with diameters ranging from 250 to 1150 nm. It is shown that template synthesis leads to a significant increase in specific pore volume and the surface of the porous oxides. Thus, the pore volume of granular samples of aluminum oxide, obtained in the absence and presence of the polystyrene template are 0,34 and 1,22 cm3/g, respectively. The value of the outer surface area varies from 26,8 m2/g for notemplatу Fe-silicalite with the structure of ZSM-5 zeolite up to 410 m2/g in the same sample obtained in the presence of polystyrene template. Textural evidence suggests a very promising new materials for adsorption and catalytic processes involving high-molecular compounds, such as the catalytic hydrotreatment of heavy oil fractions, conversion of biomass and lignin into chemical products, including liquid hydrocarbons, upon receipt of pharmaceuticals, as well as the adsorption of large molecules, such as heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

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