Biocatalysts based on immobilized cells of microorganisms in the production processes of bioethanol and biobutanol

The characteristics of production processes of bioethanol and biobutanol, being perspective types of alternative fuels, organized by the use of biocatalysts based on cells of various microorganisms immobilized into polyvinyl alcohol cryogel, are discussed. Biocatalysts on the base of immobilized cells stably provide the ethanol production from different wastes of industry and agriculture (wheat straw, beet and sugar cane bagasse, parchment, corn cob, waste processing of soybean) with high conversion degree of consumed substrates to target product. Ethanol concentrations accumulated in the media with the biocatalysts are much higher as compared to the same characteristics established for the free cells of investigated microorganisms. It was revealed, that immobilized cells of filamentous fungi are capable of conversion of a wider spectrum of sugars present in the treated media to ethanol than traditionally used yeast cells. Immobilization of genus Clostridium cells producing butanol was shown to stably change the relation between solvents accumulated in the medium during «acetone–butanol–ethanol»-fermentation towards increase in butanol part and make characteristics of the process better as compared to known technologies based on application of free bacterial cells.

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