To the history of the formation in Soviet Union, the first production of anthraquinone. Part 1. Development and introduction of anthraquinone manufacturing by oxidation of anthracene by oxygen of air in a fixed catalyst bed

Operation start of the first commercial plant production of contact anthraquinone by oxidation of anthracene in a fixed catalyst bed capacity 600 tonnes/year have been successfully implemented in the Soviet Union 2 July 1965. Yield of anthraquinone from contacting step was up to 86 mol.%, feed rate 113 kg/h and a weight ratio of air : anthracene equal 60 : 1. Details of industrial development of contact anthraquinone production, as well as the results of laboratory studies related to the development of large-capacity reactor output 5,000 t per year are set out in the article. It has been shown that the industrial catalyst KC-14 at a temperature more then 370 °C changes its phase composition and vanadium valence state, and therefore the kinetics of the oxidation of anthracene above and below that temperature varies. The resulting kinetic equations were used in the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the USSR in the simulation of large-capacity reactor production of anthraquinone by oxidation of anthracene in a fixed bed catalyst. Comparative tests of both methods of industrial production of anthraquinone: stationary and fluidized catalyst beds were conducted in order to select the most effective method for industrial production of anthraquinone at RPO «Krasitel». The choice was made in favor of a fixed bed unit. After the collapse of the Soviet Union all works were stopted , and in 2007 the production of anthraquinone (600 tonnes ) with a fixed bed catalyst RPO «Krasitel» was eliminated. Currently, in CIS there is no production of anthraquinone by contact method. About the production of anthraquinone in a fluidized bed of catalyst will be discussed in the second part of the article.

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