Oxidative Sweetening of a Straight-Run Kerosene Fraction Derived from ESPO Crude Oil over the KSM-X Catalyst: Efficiency of Mercaptan Sulfur Removal and Its Effect on the Quality Parameters of a TS-1 Fuel Component

The applicability of the Demerus Jet oxidative sweetening technology to the treatment of a straight-run kerosene fraction derived from ESPO crude oil using the heterogeneous KSM-X catalyst was investigated. It was shown that when the process is carried out under mild conditions and followed by adsorption post-treatment, the mercaptan sulfur content can be reduced to a level meeting the requirements for TS-1 fuel. According to bench-scale test data, sweetened fractions with a mercaptan sulfur content of 0.0012-0.0027 wt.% were obtained. At the same time, it was found that achieving the regulatory limit for mercaptan sulfur does not guarantee full compliance of the sweetened fraction with the operational requirements for aviation fuel. Comparative testing and analysis of existent gums revealed elevated values of the existent gum content, deterioration in the lubricity of the sweetened fraction in the absence of additives, and spectral signs indicating the presence of unstable compounds. The most promising practical application of the process is the use of the sweetened fraction in blends with a hydrotreated fraction and functional additives.

1. Chen L., Yin W., Yu Q., Qi M., Wang M., Wang B. // Separation and Purification Technology. 2025. V. 377. Art. 134342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.134342

2. Ахмадуллина А.Г., Ахмадуллин Р.М., Агаджанян С.И., Зарипова А.Р. // Нефтепереработка и нефтехимия. 2012. № 6. С. 10—16.

3. ГОСТ 10227-86. Топлива для реактивных двигателей. Технические условия.

4. ASTM D1655-19. Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels.

5. DEF STAN 91-91/10. Turbine Fuel, Kerosine Type, Jet A-1.

6. Song Y., Liu S., Sun P., Qiu W., Li Y., Peng C. // Results in Engineering. 2025. V. 25. Art. 103958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.103958

7. Патент РФ № 2436838, 2011.

8. Li G., Shi W., Jia D., Fu Z., Gao H., Tao J., Guo T., Chen J., Shu X. // Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2024. V. 139. P. 36—55.

9. Shabalin Y.A., Sarilov M.Y., Shakirova O.G. // Current Problems and Ways of Industry Development: Equipment and Technologies / Под ред. O.G. Shakirova, O.V. Bashkov, A.A. Khusainov. Cham: Springer, 2021. P. 310-318. (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. V. 200). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69421-0_33

10. Патент РФ № 2529500, 2014.

11. Vozka P., Kilaz G. // Fuel. 2020. V. 268. Art. 117391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117391

12. Jia T., Zhang X., Liu Y., Gong S., Deng C., Pan L., Zou J.-J. // Chemical Engineering Science. 2021. Art. 116157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.116157

13. ФГУП ГосНИИ ГА. Заключение по результатам исследований керосиновых фракций производства АО «ННК-Хабаровский НПЗ». М., 2024. 15 с.

14. Zhang S., Lu H., Ren P., Lin D., Sun Z., Liu X., Bi J., Li Y., Xu X. // Processes. 2026. V. 14. № 3. Art. 553. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14030553

15. Yin X., Fu J., Sun K., Li C., Shu X., Turn S.Q. // Fuel. 2025. V. 399. Art. 137832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137832

16. Rickard G., Brook P. Aviation turbine fuel lubricity — a review. Alpharetta (GA) : Coordinating Research Council, 2014. Final report AV-14-11.