Catalytic chemistry of producing of hydrocarbon fuels from vegetable oils and fats

The review deals with the problem of producing motor fuels from renewable raw materials by catalytic processing of inedible vegetable oils and fats. Characteristics of different types of nonfood raw materials is presented: algae, not suitable for plant nutrition, products of wood processing, waste fats and oils. Catalytic processes for biodiesel production by the second generation y the hydro-deoxygenation and deoxygenation of triglycerides, fatty acids and their derivatives are considered. A summary of the deoxygenation catalysts of fatty acids is given. The mechanism and kinetics of deoxygenation reaction is considered especially carefully. On the basis of kinetic and quantum chemical studies involving literature data the authors proposed a mechanism for deoxygenation, which explains the observed dependence of the contributions decarboxylation and decarbonylation of the reaction conditions (concentration of stearic acid, water, catalyst, hydrogen pressure, and CO, temperature). Examples of the use of biodiesel in the transport of hydrocarbon shows.

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