Micro-Mesoporous Carbon Materials from Carbonized Rice Husk as Active Components of Supercondenser Electrodes

Activated carbon materials (CM) were prepared from rice husk carbonized in a fluidized bed reactor. Low temperature nitrogen adsorption at 77 K was used for characterizing the EM texture. Variations in the preparation conditions (carbonization followed by activation) allowed the materials to be synthesized with the BET surface area from 440 to 2290 m²/g. Application of potassium or sodium carbonates as activating agents led to the formation of CM with the BET surface area up to 1200 m²/g. CM with a larger surface area – up to 2290 m²/g – were obtained upon activation with sodium hydroxides. Electrochemical properties and capacitive characteristics were studied using voltammetry and chronopotentiometry in the galvanostatic mode in aqueous 1M H₂SO₄ electrolyte and ionic liquid BMIMBF₄. At low charging/discharging rates (0.2 A/g), a linear dependence of bulk capacity on the specific surface area of CM but not on the electrolyte nature was shown. At high charging/discharging rates (2 A/g), negligible or considerable decrease in the specific capacity was observed in 1M H₂SO₄ and in the ionic liquid, respectively. These observations were accounted for by the influence of the porous structure.

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