

Guard of hydrotreating catalysts of oil fractions from solid particulates: experimental studies and calculation
https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2023-6-70-79
Abstract
A study was made of the efficiency of trapping solid microparticulates contained in diesel fuel for catalyst loading – an analogue of an industrial package of guard beds of hydroprocesses. The package of catalysts consisted of catalyst granules ranked by shape and size: segmented rings, hollow cylinders of two standard sizes and trilobe shape. The experiments were carried out in the trickle flow regime with a constant ensemble of microparticulates – iron scale with a size of 5 to 150 μm at the inlet of the catalysts loading. It was found that the penetration coefficient of the catalysts loading of the guard beds did not change significantly (K ≈ 0.985) during the experiment. At the same time, a linear increase in the pressure drop on the catalysts loading of the guard beds with a height of 17 cm from 220 to 408 Pa was observed which occurred as a result of the trapping of solid microparticulates by the catalyst granules. The theoretical estimate of the initial pressure drop (228 Pa) coincides with the experimental data (220 Pa) with good accuracy.
About the Authors
I. A. MikRussian Federation
O. P. Klenov
Russian Federation
M. O. Kazakov
Russian Federation
K. A. Nadeina
Russian Federation
O. V. Klimov
Russian Federation
S. I. Reshetnikov
Russian Federation
A. S. Noskov
Russian Federation
References
1. Speight J.G. Fouling in refineries // Fouling in Refineries. 2015. P. 1–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-19044-7
2. Будуква С. В. и др. Дезактивация катализаторов гидроочистки (обзор) // Катализ в промышленности.. 2022. Т. 22, № 3. С. 38–65. https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2022-3-38-65
3. Polischuk C. et al. A review of foulant sources, operational issues, and remedies during the processing of oil sand derived bitumen fractions // Fuel. 2023. Vol. 340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127516
4. Marafi M., Stanislaus A., Furimsky E. Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts: Second Edition // Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts: Second Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2017.
5. Toulhoat H., Raybaud P. Catalysis by transition metal sulphides: From molecular theory to industrial applications. Paris: Technip, 2013.
6. Nadeina K.A. et al. Guard bed catalysts for silicon removal during hydrotreating of middle distillates // Catal. Today. 2019. Vol. 329. P. 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.11.075
7. Nadeina K.A. et al. Influence of alumina precursor on silicon capacity of NiMo/γ-Al2O3 guard bed catalysts for gas oil hydrotreating // Catal. Today. 2020. Vol. 353. P. 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2019.10.028
8. Mik I.A. et al. Optimization of grading guard systems for trapping of particulates to prevent pressure drop buildup in gas oil hydrotreater // Fuel. 2021. Vol. 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119149
9. Moyse B.M. Raschig ring hds catalysts reduce pressure drop // Oil Gas J. 1984. Vol. 82, № 53. P. 164–166, 168
10. Wang S. et al. Deposition of Fine Particles in Packed Beds at Hydrotreating Conditions: Role of Surface Chemistry // Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1999. Vol. 38, № 12. P. 4878–4888. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie990257+
11. Polischuk C. et al. Impact of Fine Solids on Hydrotreating of Bitumen-Derived Gas Oil // Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2023. Vol. 62, № 2. P. 936–948. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04241
12. Hamidipour M., Larachi F., Ring Z. Monitoring filtration in trickle beds using electrical capacitance tomography // Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800810t
13. Robinson P.R., Dolbear G.E. Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking: Fundamentals // Practical Advances in Petroleum Processing. Springer New York, 2007. P. 177–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-25789-1_7
14. Dalai A.K. et al. Deposition of fine particles during hydrotreating of oil sands bitumen-derived heavy gas oil in a packed bed reactor: Impact of process parameters and surface charge // Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2021. Vol. 60, № 43. P. 15464–15471. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03000
15. Ancheyta J. Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Reactors for Petroleum Refining // Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Reactors for Petroleum Refining. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470933565
16. Vogelaar B.M. et al. Hydroprocessing catalyst deactivation in commercial practice // Catalysis Today. Elsevier, 2010. Vol. 154, № 3–4. P. 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2010.03.039
17. Kam E.K.T. et al. A hydroprocessing multicatalyst deactivation and reactor performance model-pilot-plant life test applications // Energy and Fuels. American Chemical Society, 2005. Vol. 19, № 3. P. 753–764. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef049843s
18. Toulhoat H. et al. THERMIDOR: A new model for combined simulation of operations and optimization of catalysts in residues hydroprocessing units // Catal. Today. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.08.023
19. Rodríguez E. et al. Modeling of hydrotreating catalyst deactivation for heavy oil hydrocarbons // Fuel. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.085
20. Wang S., Chung K., Gray M.R. Role of hydrotreating products in deposition of fine particles in reactors // Fuel. 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00173-3
21. Ortiz-Arroyo A., Larachi F. Lagrange-Euler-Euler CFD approach for modeling deep-bed filtration in trickle flow reactors // Sep. Purif. Technol. Elsevier, 2005. Vol. 41, № 2. P. 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2004.05.008
22. Edouard D., Iliuta I., Larachi F. Role of gas phase in the deposition dynamics of fine particles in trickle-bed reactors // Chem. Eng. Sci. Pergamon, 2006. Vol. 61, № 12. P. 3875–3884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.01.031
23. Iliuta I., Larachi F. Three-phase fixed-bed reactors // Multiphase Catalytic Reactors: Theory, Design, Manufacturing, and Applications. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-013-0199-x
24. Rana R. et al. The Impact of Process Parameters on the Deposition of Fines Present in Bitumen-Derived Gas Oil on Hydrotreating Catalyst // Energy and Fuels. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00554
25. Rana R. et al. Deposition of fine particles of gas oil on hydrotreating catalyst: Impact of process parameters and filtration trends // Fuel Process. Technol. Elsevier B.V., 2018. Vol. 171. P. 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.09.019
26. Iliuta I., Larachi F. Three-phase fixed-bed reactors // Multiphase Catalytic Reactors: Theory, Design, Manufacturing, and Applications. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-013-0199-x
27. Gray M.R., Srinivasan N., Masliyah J.H. Pressure buildup in gas-liquid flow through packed beds due to deposition of fine particles // Can. J. Chem. Eng. 2002.
28. Hamidipour M., Larachi F., Ring Z. Hydrodynamic observations of trickle beds under filtration conditions // Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie061360j
29. Wang S., Chung K., Gray M.R. Role of hydrotreating products in deposition of fine particles in reactors // Fuel. 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00173-3
30. Han S., Kim J., Ko S.H. Advances in air filtration technologies: structure-based and interaction-based approaches // Mater. Today Adv. 2021. Vol. 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100134
31. Felder R.M. Catalytic reactor design, by M. Orhan Tarhan. McGraw-Hill, 1983 // AIChE Journal. 1984. Vol. 30, № 1. 173–173 p. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300127
32. Ancheyta J., Muñoz J.A.D., Macías M.J. Experimental and theoretical determination of the particle size of hydrotreating catalysts of different shapes // Catal. Today. Elsevier, 2005. Vol. 109, № 1–4. P. 120–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.08.009
33. Macías M.J., Ancheyta J. Simulation of an isothermal hydrodesulfurization small reactor with different catalyst particle shapes // Catal. Today. 2004. Vol. 98, № 1-2 SPEC. ISS. P. 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2004.07.038
34. Kirsch A.A., Fuchs N.A. Studies on fibrous aerosol filters-iii diffusional deposition of aerosols in fibrous filters // Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1968. Vol. 11, № 4. P. 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/11.4.299
Review
For citations:
Mik I.A., Klenov O.P., Kazakov M.O., Nadeina K.A., Klimov O.V., Reshetnikov S.I., Noskov A.S. Guard of hydrotreating catalysts of oil fractions from solid particulates: experimental studies and calculation. Kataliz v promyshlennosti. 2023;23(6):70-79. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2023-6-70-79