A technology for electrochemical synthesis catalyst to produce carbon nano materials (CNM) on the basis of first Russian industrial production of «NanoTechCenter» company from Tambov. A new method for the synthesis of ultra microdispersed catalyst based on nickel oxide for CNM, featuring the ability to control the size of catalyst particles at the stage of production and a high level of environmental safety. The experimentally determined the optimal parameters of the catalyst synthesis that create new nanoscale materials with specified physical and chemical characteristics. There are investigations of the electrochemical destruction of metallic nickel on an alternating current at frequencies from 10 Hz to 200 Hz in an alkaline medium with the formation of ultrafine powders of nickel oxide and determine their characteristics. No analogue experimental setup is designed for studying the kinetics of the obtaining of carbon nanostructured materials with a combined method of heating the reaction zone having an induction component. First studied the kinetics of the CNM receipt for the catalysts synthesized by the developed technology and their morphology by scanning and transmission microscopy.

Oligomerization of octene-1 in the presence of different structural types zeolites – Y, Beta, ZSM-12, ZSM-5 is investigated. It is shown that extensively porous zeolite catalysts Y, Beta, ZSM-12 exhibit a high catalytic activity at 150–200 °C. In their presence octane conversion reaches 96 %, the oligomers yield is 88–100 wt.%. Zeolite ZSM-5 has a low active at 150–180 °C and catalyzes mainly the octene-1 isomerization. If the temperature is raised up to 250 °C the main reaction products are low molecular weight oligomers of cracking products. The activity and selectivity of zeolite catalysts in the octene-1 oligomerization are due to their acidic properties and structural characteristics, as well as reaction conditions. It’s found that octene dimers with alkyl naphthenic structure is dominated among oligomers, the content of unsaturated hydrocarbons with tri-and tetrasubstituted double bonds slightly 2,2–3,2 %. Octene oligomers that synthesized in the presence of zeolite Beta, possess physicochemical properties similar to those of hydrogenated poly-α-olefin oligomerization which was carried out on complexes of AlCl3.

The aim of this work is the selection of optimum conditions for promotion of silver catalysts by cesium nitrate. Using known patents methods, catalysts epoxidation of 1,3-butadiene were synthesized 15 wt.% Ag and 250–1500 ppm Cs on α-Al2O3 (Johnson Matthey, H16P07). Varying the silver dispersion, the amount of injected promoter and its distribution on the catalyst surface, a systematic study of the physicochemical properties of the samples was carried out. Catalytic testing of the samples showed that the optimal amount of promoter is directly dependent on the catalyst surface. In the optimal condition of promotion the catalyst activity is determined from the dispersion of deposited silver. The shape of kinetic curves is depended on Cs excess or deficiency in the catalyst, this can be used as a method of determining the promoter optimal content. The energy dispersive spectroscopy was first applied to study the Cs distribution on the surface of the promoted catalysts. It is shown that heat treatment contributes the even distribution of the promoter on the catalyst surface and reduces the time required to reach steady-state activity in the catalytic process. We achieved steady-state performance of catalysts 0,5 g of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene to 1 g of catalyst per hour, what exceeding the claimed value of the patents.

Results f pilot tests of catalytic systems equipped of (7–12) woven or (5–14) knitted platinoid grids in ammonia oxidation are presented. Platinoid woven and loose knitted grids with wire thickness 0,092 and 0,076 mm are made from metal alloy PdRhRu 15-3.5-0.5 (the so-called Alloy № 5), containing 81 % Pt, 15 % Pd, 3,5 % Rh and 0,5 % Ru (STO 00195200-013–2007 and STO 00195200-014–2007) at the Ekaterinburg non-ferrous metals plant JSC «EZOTSM». Tightly knitted grids made by «Umicore» сompany (Germany), and differs from the domestic grid knitted Pt076 greater mass and size of the outer surface of the cross section apparatus. There is a study of the influence of the mass, the outer surface, free volume of woven and knitted platinoid grids on nitric oxide yield. It’s determined the residual ammonia content after platinoid grid bed, depending on their number. The effectiveness of a bit of knitted grids surface depends on the influence degree of transport phenomena and reaction of the homogeneous reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia, which flows directly into the void volume of the platinoid catalyst bed. The use of loose knitted grids Pt076 is less efficient than the woven Pt092 in the range of nitric oxide yield ≥ 91,5 %. The test results show, that it is preferable to use a tightly knitted platinoid grids with lower free volume in the layer. If the loose knitted platinoid grids place on regular structure bed (a block catalyst or packing) it’s possible to minimize the free volume and the proportion of ammonia for improper turning.

The influence of extrusion conditions and properties of the paste on the mechanical strength of granules is analyzed. For this purpose they used the known criteria Re, We, and De, also dimensionless simplex Sym = PΘ/vρL is proposed, where Θ is relaxation time. It is revealed an extreme dependence of the mechanical strength from Re·Sym. It is found that the channel may die three flow regimes paste, which are due to relaxation processes. Each of the flow regimes correlate with a specific site depending on the strength of Re·Sym. The maximum strength of the granules obtained in the case of steady developed flow, which is observed in the range of Re·Sym from 0,1 to 1,0.

In the review the data about the use of monocentered catalysts in the industrial production of polyethylene is collected. There are history of industrial usage, the main types of monocentered catalysts and the basic processes used in the production of polyethylene (PE) under the action of these systems, the largest production of polyethylene using a monocentered catalysts, as well as applications of polymers received in these processes. Prospects of development in this direction are discussed.

In order to obtain an effective alumina catalyst for the n-butenes skeletal isomerization with significant catalytic activity, the authors studied the influence of hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of aluminum oxide-hydroxide system at 150–200 °C on the characteristics of the crystalline, porous structure and acid-base properties of γ-Al2O3, which will be prepared. It is shown that HTT of aluminum hydroxide leads to an increasing of crystallites size, decreasing specific surface Al2O3 area, as well as reducing the number of acid-base centers, what resulting in catalyst activity lowering. HTT of phase system «alumina–aluminum hydroxide» gives smaller γ-Al2O3 crystallites, which leads to increasing the acidity of Al2O3 which formed after calcination at 550 °С, and, consequently, to increasing in catalytic activity. This method can be used to enhance the activity of industrial samples of aluminum oxide in the reaction of n-butenes skeletal isomerization.

The effect of nitrate and cesium formiate additions on activity, as well as the crystal structure and surface area of active copper component in the co-precipitated low temperature CO conversion Cu–Zn–Alcatalyst is studied. It is established that 1 % Cs in the form of nitrate or formiate decreases the activity of the catalyst in the formation of methanol in 2,5–3 times. Effect of cesium formiate on the crystal structure and phase composition is expressed less in comparison with nitrate. The Cs addition in the carbonate mass is preferable than in the oxide mass after calcination, as it leads to a greater decrease in the methanol yield and to lesser extent of changes the crystal structure and phase composition of the catalyst.

Differently supported Ni-based catalysts, with variable metal loading, have been synthesized by means of an innovative preparation procedure. This technique, named Flame Spray Pyrolysis, allows the continuous one-step production of nanosized particles, char acterized by high thermal stability due to a flash calcination for a few milliseconds into a flame. The morphological and structural features of the as prepared supports and of activated catalysts are here summarized, together with catalyst performance for the steam reforming of bioethanol at 750 °C, atmospheric pressure. Alumina, chosen for comparison with commercial catalysts for this application, did not show a suitable support due to its high surface acidity, which leads to faster coking with respect to other supports. Increasing Ni loading allowed to increase H2 productivity and the best results were achieved with the sample 15 wt.% Ni/La2O3.