Moulding compositions for extrusive granulation were synthesized based on a mixture of aluminum hydroxides prepared by hydration of thermo activated products of hydrargillite – flush and CTA (centrifugal thermal activated) – in electrolyte solutions (NaOH, H2O, HNO3). The molding compositions were obtained by peptization of the hydroxides with nitric acid free of surfactants. Structural and mechanical properties of the compositions such as elasticity (λ), plasticity (Ps), relaxation period (Θ), etc. were determined using an instrument with a plane-parallel gap, the principle of its operation being based on measuring the time tangential shift. The plastic strength (Pm) and optimal moisture content (ϕ) was measured using the penetrometric method by immersing the working body (cone) into the composition under study. The 1 or 2 structuralmechanical type with predominant propagation of slow elastic deformations was shown to be characteristic of the compositions under study. Ranges of elasticity (λ = 0,39÷0,42), plasticity (Ps = (2÷5,6)·10–6 s–1) and relaxation period (Θ =1700÷3350) were determined. The plastic strength (Pm) and optimal masses moisture (φ) were determined to depend on the preparation conditions of the hydroxides and to range as follows: ϕ = 25,98÷30,83 wt.% and Pm = 11,71÷71,44·104 Pa.

Main stages of development of a pilot centrifugal drum-type reactor for manufacturing an X-ray amorphous product (50 kg/h) of hydrargillite activation are reported. Characteristics features of the product are a high reactivity and the specific surface area as large as two orders of magnitude of the initial area. The new reactor is shown to consume as low energy as a half of that consumed by the industrial thermal activation of hydrargillite in flowing flue gases. A mathematical model is suggested for the process of centrifugal thermal activation of hydrargillite to consider the evolution of the heat state of a particle in the course of its heating, dehydration, and cooling. The model allows the energy consumption to be estimated at all the process stages; it will be useful for developing standard series of the reactors.

A series of mixed polyferrites of β“-alumina type M2FeIIFeIII 11–qLnqO17, where q = 0,1÷1,0; M – K, Cs, Rb; Ln – Sc, Y, Ce, Sm, were prepared. Their cationic and electronic conductivity, catalytic activity in the reaction of ethylbenzene conversion to styrene were measured, and relative chemical stability was determined. The mechanism of stabilization of the alkali promoter in the catalyst structure was established, a method of doping polyferrites mixed potassium-cesium oxides of rare earth elements was developed. The requirements for the doping agent were formulated. It was shown that the most promising way of stabilizing alkali promoter in a mixed potassium-cesium polyferrite system includes introduction of samarium oxide in amounts corresponding to the value of q = 0,25÷0,30, that is not more than 1,5 wt.% of the catalyst total.

The experience of the industrial technology of a cobalt catalyst supported on granulated silica is generalized. The catalyst is intended for selective synthesis of C5+ hydrocarbons, including high-molecular C35+ HC, from CO and H2. The technology is implemented by CJSC Samara Catalyst Plant. The process parameters were adapted for the available facilities during preparation of a pilot catalyst batch. Optimal technological conditions of the support pretreatment (vacuuming to prevent granule cleavage), impregnation (80 °C for 0,5 h) and the catalyst thermal treatment (programmed mode with the maximal temperature of 400 °C for 9 h in total) were determined. Physicochemical and catalytic properties of the prepared pilot batch (1 m3) meet the required specifications.

The influence of acidic module of mordenite (SiO2/Al2O3 – 20 and 30) in catalysts Pt/MOR/Al2O3 on the performance of the reaction of n-heptane isomerization was studied. The zeolite proportion in zeolites was varied from 10 to 50 wt.%; different precursors (H2PtCl6 and [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2) were used for supporting platinum. Methods of TPD of ammonia and IRS (adsorption of NH3, CO) were used to establish that an increase in the module results in a decrease in the total zeolite acidity: the number of Broensted and Lewis acid sites (BAS and LAS, respectively) decreases, the acid strength of LAS being increased. The catalysts were tested using the reaction of n-heptane isomerization. The growth of the acidic module of mordenite from 20 to 30 was shown to lead to a considerable decrease in the selectivity.

The process of steam cracking of heavy oil in the absence of catalyst was studied in (water) semiflow and static modes at 425 °C. In the semiflfow mode, water was established to behave preferably as a physical agent to favor distillation of hydrocarbon fractions and to prevent their coking. In the static mode, a decrease in the coke yield against that in the semiflow mode was observed, while the addition of water resulted in an increase in the conversion of high-boiling fractions and in the yield of light fractions among the liquid products. The obtained data led us to conclude about favorable behavior of water for transformation of heavy oil and about potentialities of the steam cracking in the production of light synthetic and/or semisynthetic oil.

In the review paper, recent scientific and patent literature devoted to catalysts and processes of ethanol dehydration to produce ethylene and specific features of the use of biofeedstock are analyzed.

The review paper covers literature published mainly between 1995 and 2015 in the field of investigations aimed at searching for new promising catalysts for industrial processing of polysaccharide components of lignocellulose biomass, for new methods to achieve the processes, as well as for new ways to transform polysaccharides into valuable chemicals and fuel. There are three parts of the paper, which consider modern methods for activation of lignocellulose biomass to separate main components and/or treatment of the polysaccharide feedstock (cellulose, hemicelluloses) to be further processed (Part 1) and catalytic acidic transformations of these components into monosaccharides and furans with the main focus on the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfurol (Part 2), as well as application of biotechnological enzymatic methods for production of valuable chemicals such as ethanol, isobutanol, lactic acid (Part 3).