The amorphous aluminosilicate – alumina systems were examined using various physicochemical methods, including the analysis of ²⁷Al NMR spectra of solid samples, estimation of the catalyst acidity by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, investigation of the sample structure by X-ray diffraction analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis of the samples. A study on the catalytic properties of the samples upon cracking on the model feedstock n-dodecane in a mixture with 2-methylthiophene revealed that conversion of the feedstock increases in the series: 100 % Al₂O₃ (AH) > 70 % Al-Si + 30 % Al₂O₃ (AH) > 30 % Al-Si + 70 % Al₂O₃ (AH) > 100 % Al-Si (AH – aluminum hydroxide obtained by sulfate method; Al-Si – amorphous aluminosilicate). An increase in the calcination temperature of the samples from 500 to 700 °C decreases the conversion of the feedstock. The growing contribution of hydrogen transfer reactions leads to an increase in the formation selectivity of hydrogen sulfide and a decrease in the content of sulfur compounds in the liquid products.

The main applications of gas chromatography for investigation of catalysts and catalytic processes are considered. The development of the sampling method as well as the microcatalytic and pulsed methods is described in historical aspect. The paper presents the advanced and promising directions of gas chromatographic studies, and the instruments providing efficient separation of multicomponent mixtures of substances with the control of complex catalytic reactions.

Capillary chromatographic columns with different stationary phases were studied in order to compare their ability to estimate purity of isopropyl alcohol obtained by hydrogenation of acetone. The study was performed with the columns based on polyethylene glycol 20 M terminated with 2-nitroterephthalic acid (PEG20M/FFAP); poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP032); and trifluoropropyl (25 %) methyl silicone elastomer (SKTFT 50X). A comparison of the measurement time, asymmetry factors (A_s) for components of the mixtures, and resolution (R_s) for the pairs of compounds acetone/isopropanol and isopropanol/internal standard gave grounds to choose a capillary column PEG20M/FFAP. A technique was developed for measuring the weight fractions of acetone and isopropanol using the method of internal standard in the gas phase. n-Butanol served as the internal standard. The detection limit was found to be 1.45 for acetone, 1.43 for isopropanol, and 1.28·10^–12 g/s for n-butanol. Relative standard deviation (the recurrence factor) did not exceed 4.3 % at a confidence level P = 0.95.

The synthesis of esters by alkoxycarbonylation of unsaturated phytogenic substrates makes it possible to use alternative feedstocks and solve a series of problems in the chemical industry: resource saving, waste minimization, and improvement of environmental safety and economicalefficiency of the processes being implemented. However, only the production of methyl methacrylate, which includes methoxycarbonylation of ethylene as one of the steps, has been implemented on the industrial scale by now. The aim of this review is to systematize and analyze the literature data published since 2010 on the synthesis of esters by alkoxycarbonylation of phytogenic substrates under mild conditions. It was found that the alkoxycarbonylation of pentenoic and undecenoic acids, oleic, linoleic and erucic acids or their esters as well as terpene compounds – citronellic acid and b-myrcene – has been performed in the indicated period. High yields and selectivities to the linear structured products were reached under mild conditions mostly due to the application of homogeneous palladium-diphosphine catalysts. Results of these studies open up ample opportunities for implementing new industrial processes of alkoxycarbonylation of phytogenic substrates aimed to obtain the advanced chemical products, particularly polymers.

The full text of the article will be published in the English version of the journal "Catalysis in Industry" No. 1, 2023.

The iron-based catalysts were prepared via wet-impregnation method. The composition of the final iron catalysts, regarding to the weight ratio is as follow 14%Fe/γ-Al₂O₃, 14%Fe/3%Cu/γ-Al₂O₃, 14%Fe/3%Sn/γ-Al₂O₃ and 14%Fe/3%Cu/1%Sn/γ-Al₂O₃. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, ICP, BET, H2-TPR, FE-SEM and EDX techniques. The catalytic activity was evaluated in a fixed bed reactor under 20 bar of pressure, H₂/CO = 1, GHSV = 2 L/(g_cat·h), in the temperature range of 270–300 °C. Then, the effect of temperature and promoters (Cu and Sn) on the catalyst performance were investigated. CO conversion and product selectivity were also calculated using the results of GC. The results showed that the Cu and Sn promoters increased the reduction rate of Fe₂O₃ by providing H₂ dissociation sites. Higher temperatures were also shown to change the CO conversion and product selectivity. The selectivity of both methane and C₂–C₄ hydrocarbons decreased while the selectivity of C₅₊ increased because of simultaneous use of Cu and Sn for promoting iron catalyst. Sn promoter increased FT and WGS activities.

The experience of commercial operation of synthetic hydrocarbon technology in Russia at Novocherkassk Plant of Synthetic Products (NPSP) in Novocherkassk, Rostov region, is integrated in the paper. More than 200 items of marketable general-purpose products have been manufactured at NPSP. Information on the production of syngas from natural gas, synthesis of hydrocarbons, and catalysts for the process is reported.

The effect of the support nature on the performance of hexane isomerization reaction was studied for the sulfated zirconiа catalysts supported on SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, which have different textural characteristics. It was shown that a higher conversion of hexane is reached over sulfated zirconiа catalysts supported on aluminum oxides. IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO revealed that the concentration of Broensted acid sites (BAS), which are characterized by adsorbed CO with the absorption band (a.b.) at 2170 cm^–1, and strong Lewis acid sites (LAS), which are characterized by adsorbed CO with a.b. at 2210 and 2224 cm^–1, is higher in the Al₂O₃-supported catalysts compared to the SiO₂-supported ones. In the Al₂O₃-supported catalysts with different textural characteristics, an increase in the contribution of LAS to the total acidity essentially increases the yield of high-octane 2,2-dimethylbutane and the depth of hexane isomerization.

Estimates and prospects of the catalytic technologies applied on-board for neutralization of automotive exhaust gases are reported. In the next decade, the expected aggregate production of motor vehicles will exceeds 1 billion units; 75 % of them will be equipped with internal combustion engines (ICE), which should have a system for neutralization of exhaust gases. The development of catalytic technologies for neutralization of automotive exhaust gases is mutually stimulated by stiffening the environmental protection standards and improving the ICE. For example, the European standards have moved from Euro-1 to Euro-6d. The introduction of Euro-7 standards in Europe and their analogs in some countries is planned for year 2025. The paper considers also various concepts of the systems for neutralization of exhaust gases intended for gasoline and diesel engines that comply with Euro-7 standards.