There is method for making of propane dehydrogenation chrome aluminum catalyst, which increases the activity and thermal stability of the catalyst compared with the currently known catalysts. For the first time the modified coprecipitation method is used for chrome aluminum catalyst preparation, in which a suspension of chromium and aluminum hydroxides are subjected of high temperature treatment (550 °C). The proposed method is simple, reducing the number of catalyst preparation stages. Using a complex of physical and chemical methods, we studied the phase composition, texture of the catalyst, the formation and properties of surface-active forms, depending on the catalyst preparation conditions. Selected conditions of catalyst preparation provide a high surface area and a strong connection between surface forms of chromium and support that prevents the formation of catalytically inactive forms of α-Cr2O3 in the process of calcination. We synthesized and studied laboratory samples of chrome aluminum catalyst with different chromium content (2,8–11,3 wt.%). Key indicators (the propane conversion and propylene selectivity, resistance to coke formation) of the catalyst are not inferior to the most active samples well-known from literature, also the catalyst have high activity at low chromium content (2,8–5,5 wt.%). The developed method is protected by patent of the Russian Federation and recommended for improvement of industrial technology.

Selection of the optimal catalyst for heavy industrial processes of ethylene oxychlorination is important practical problem. In such processes, even a small reduction of selectivity results in significant consumption of feed. Increased selectivity requires knowledge of the catalysts surface structure and the mechanism of ethylene oxidative chlorination to 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE). Based on IR spectroscopy and DTA, we examined the structure of the active centers of copper chloride catalysts on alumina surface. We described the structure of the active centers of two types СuСl2 and СuСl on γ-Al2O3 catalysts: X1 by «Harshaw» USA and OXYMAX-B (MEDC-B) by «Sud-Chemie Catalysts». We found that the interaction between the active phase of the catalyst – CuCl2 or CuCl copper chloride and surface groups of the support γ-Al2O3 (≡Аl–ОН) formed complexes with [СuСl4]–2, [СuСl2]–1, what does not fit into the known theory of their structure. According to research we have developed a method for synthesizing of the catalyst optimal properties, and created a pilot plant for a detailed study of the process. The possibility of reducing by half the ethylene loss at its deep oxidation and and decreasing of by-products in the 1,5–2 times have been confirmed in industrial production of 1,2-DCE and vinyl chloride at «Karpatnaftokhim» plant in Kalush, Ukraine. Process for 1,2-DCE production is patented in Ukraine.

The authors summarized such results as: studying of active component formation of Ziegler-type catalysts, studying the effect of these catalysts composition on polyethylene molecular-mass characteristics, the search for new methods of preparation of catalysts with optimal morphology. There are a wide range of supported titanium magnesium and vanadium magnesium catalysts of various compositions with adjustable optimum morphology for different polyethylene grades by suspension and gas-phase methods. Technology for producing catalysts for the production of PE by the suspension method was developed. Using a modification of these catalysts allows to obtain high yields (up to 4 ton/gram Ti), polyethylene of high, medium and low density with a narrow and broad molecular weight distribution (including bimodal), and ultrahigh molecular polyethylene of various grades.

The authors proposed a method of modifying a catalyst based on high-silica zeolite ZSM-5 type by nanosized Ni-powder to improve catalysts for straightrun gasoline fractions upgrading. The proposed method of solid-phase mechanical mixture with Ni-nanopowder more environmentally friendly than traditional impregnation or ion exchange, and developed Ni-containing zeolite catalysts can reduce low-octane gasoline fractions upgrade process temperature on 20–40 °C, increase the desired product yield with high content of high-octane components - isoalkanes. We have studied the acidic and catalytic properties of high silica zeolite containing different amounts of nano-sized Ni-powder. The activity of catalytic systems is investigated in the conversion of virgin petrol fractions of oil. There is determining the optimal composition of the catalyst and process conditions for obtaining maximum yield of target product - high-octane gasoline.

The authors analyzed the influence of grain size distribution of developed microspheric chrome aluminum KDI catalyst on changing of fluidized bed height and density during the dehydrogenation of isobutane pilot test at «Nizhnekamskneftekhim». They found that one of the factors determining the acceleration of cracking reaction is raising the temperature to 600– 610 °С in the top of the reactor at the tenth plate due to the reduction of fluidized up after the flying-out of catalyst particles less than 20-micron from the reactor-regenerator system. Forming of sustainable fluidized bed on the top of the reactor is determined by the fraction 20–40-micron particles in the circulating catalyst. To compensate for the ablation of the catalyst in the system, we recommend filling-in of catalysts mixture accumulated in the first and second «field» of electrofilters, which includes up to 25 wt.% 20–40 microns fraction and not inferior to the original KDI catalyst. This filling- in ensures the stabilization of the fluidized bed 52 % of total height, temperature reduction at the tenth plate of the reactor down to 568 °С, the decreasing of cracking products yield up to 4,0 wt.% , increasing of average daily production of isobutylene on 3 %, reduction of isobutane on 7 %. Restores of irrevocable catalyst entrainment from the system and formation of stable fluidized bed carried by periodical catalyst loading from the first and second «fields» of electrofilters, and the original KDI catalyst with the optimized fractional composition in a ratio of 4: 1.

To improve the nitrosamine (NA) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorption capacity of natural zeolites (klinoptiolits), the authors treated their by «Onkosorb» adsorbent (N, N’-bis (3-trietoksisilil-propyl-thiourea). The effectiveness of trapping of volatiles NA increases from 30 to 77 %, PAH – from 20 to 63,7 %. Improving the efficiency of adsorption of toxicants from the gas-air mixture had an impact on biological indicators also. Long-term gas-air mixture (composition similar to air in the industrial zone) toxication of rats resulted in a 1,5-fold reduction of the maximum oxidation rates of succinate and efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in the liver mitochondria. Changes in the energy of mitochondria, appears to be associated with the action of toxicants, as evidenced by the 22 % increase of cytochrome P-450 content in liver tissue. Gas-air mixture that passes through «Onkosorb» absorbent on the zeolite does not cause these changes in the mitochondria energy and did not influence on the content of cytochrome P-450 in liver tissue. There is assuming a high efficiency of «Onkosorb» adsorbent on the zeolite in the absorption of PAHs and NA.

Catalytically active oxide layer on the titanium surface to form a catalytic afterburner Diesel soot coating was first formed by two methods: plasma-electrochemical production of the oxide film on titanium and extraction-pyrolytic coating compound Li2Cu2(MoO4)3. Catalytic compositions Li2Cu2(MoO4)3/TiO2 + SiO2/Ti, received by single extraction pyrolytic treatment of oxidized titanium surface provides high speed of combustion soot from ~ 300 °C. The subsequent covering of Li2Cu2(MoO4)3 leads to a decrease of catalyst activity, which may be due to the growth of crystallites molybdate phase and filling the open pores of the oxide film. Double molybdate of lithium and copper has the ability to significantly reduce the CO yield in the products of soot oxidation. The advantages of these techniques are: the possibility of forming a high adhesion resistant coatings on the any complexity surfaces, ease of hardware implementation, high productivity and low cost of processes. The obtained results are recommended to be used in developing of forming composite coatings methods for catalytic soot filters.

In this paper, the authors presented the results of pilot tests of «crusted» 0,2%Pd/γ-Al2O3-catalyst APKGS-20SH at «Voronezhsintezkauchuk» for air emissions cleaning, as well the results of industrial exploitation. Stable operation (degree of purification of ventilation emissions) of the catalyst was observed under real operating conditions that differ significantly from the regulatory norms for the input concentration and flow rate. Volume rate of gas from time to time exceeds scheduled in eight times (80 and 10 thousand hours, respectively). Input concentrations of toluene and nefras periodically exceed for more than twice of the recommended norm. Despite the periodic increase in the concentrations of major pollutants above the regulatory standards at the outlet of the catalytic reactor routine concentration is not exceeded. The first batch of APKGS-20SH catalyst, loaded in July 2009 is stable to date. The catalyst can be recommended for use for air emissions clean units at enterprises of synthetic rubbers production.

The authors studied the effect of shaping conditions of iron oxide catalysts for dehydrogenation isoamylenes to isoprene on their exploitation characteristics. The study of laboratory samples allowed to determine the optimum shaping pressure in 200–250 MPa, at which the high mechanical strength (safety factor KG = 33,4÷37,3 N/mm), the stability of catalytic performance in the dehydrogenation reaction, the formation of 15–50-nm pore, that makes the process in the kinetic region. To estimate the shaping pressure in an industrial conditions by extrusion is proposed to use as indirect indicator a density of the extrudate. Shown to produce high strength catalyst properties (KG ≈ 29,1 N/mm) in the industrial manufacturing and for reaction carrying in the kinetic region the density of the extrudates should be 2,40–2,46 g/cm3. The obtained results are verified by shaping of a paste on various industrial extruders, which allowed to recommend the type of shaping extrusion equipment.

Transport of oxygen from the gas phase to the aqueous determines the rate of biocatalytic oxidation of phenol. In this paper, activators of the interphase transfer of O2 are used to intensify the process, thus significantly increase the rate of gas arrival in the reaction space without additional power consumption in contrast to the widely used methods of mixing and bubbling. The authors presented the results of studies of the effect a number of substances on the value of KLa at varying mixing speeds from 100 to 1200 rpm. We report the first solid-liquid phase and activators are compared for effectiveness. The maximum KLa increase at different hydrodynamic conditions achieved for the activated carbon (3,7 times), aerosil (1,5 times), n-dodecane (3,1 times). The results are explained by «shuttle» mechanism of O2 phase transfer. It is shown that an KLa increasing from 2,8 to 18,5 h–1 the biocatalytic oxidation of phenol is accelerated in 2,4 times. Use of activated carbon as an activator of O2 phase transfer allows you to increase the speed of biocatalytic oxidation of phenol up about 20 %.

The authors studied the possibility of using the sorbent from birch bark bast as a porous substrate for the immobilization of enzymes - the catalysts of protein nature by the example of gelatin sorption. They studied the effect of pH, temperature, nature and concentration of background electrolytes (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2) on the gelatin sorption from model solutions. Electrostatic interaction of gelatin with the sorbent surface prevents adsorption of acidic and alkaline solutions. Sorption capacity of sorbent from the birch bark bast with different concentrations of gelatin in the model solution is defined. The maximum sorption capacity of gelatin with a minimum time required to reach equilibrium was observed at pH = 4,5.

On September 5–9, 2010, the XIX International Conference on Chemical Reactors “Khimreactor-19” was held in Vienna. The conference was included in the plan of events of the European Federation for Chemical Technology. The main organizer of the conference has traditionally become the Institute of Catalysis. G.K. Boreskov SB RAS.