The catalytic performance of Pt, PtSn and PtGe supported on γ-Al2O3 (γ-A) deposited by dip-coating of spheres of α-Al2O3 (α-A) is studied in the n-decane dehydrogenation. The effect of Sn and Ge addition to Pt on the activity and selectivity was analyzed. The catalytic characterization was carried out by using cyclohexane dehydrogenation (CHD), cyclopentane hydrogenolysis (CPH), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), hydrogen chemisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Pt(0,5)Sn/γ-A/α-A catalyst had the best catalytic performance and showed a low electronic interaction between the metals, with a surface segregation of Sn and the presence of oxidized Sn stabilized on the support. PtGe catalysts presented strong interactions with probable alloy formation. The catalytic performance of these catalysts is comparable to that reported in the patents.

The technology of selection of a polymerization purity isobutylene, what operating at plants in Russia, is based on the synthesis of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) by hydration of isobutylene
contained in the feed hydrocarbon fractions, followed by isolation
and decomposition of TBA. The isobutylene hydration is carried out in a reactive-extraction reactor in the presence of a sulfate cationite catalyst and countercurrent flow reactants. In the article the way of a process in a flow reactor at a ratio of reactants close to the stoichiometric is proposed to upgrade the existing technology. The dependence of the conversion of isobutylene and by-products (dimers, sec-butanol) from the starting feed hydrocarbon and parameters of the process is studied. The isobutane-isobutylene (IIF), and butylene-isobutylene (BIF) fractions are used as feed. It is shown that the conversion of isobutylene fraction less for BIF feed, and the concentration of by-products for more than in case of IIF feed. The scheme of the process of synthesis of TBA with a flow-through reactor and reaction-extraction type is proposed, which allows to increase the capacity of existing production, while reducing power consumption of the whole process through a concentrated solution TBA at outlet from the flow reactor and obtain isobutylene purity of at least 99, 99 wt.%.

In part 1 of the article was shown to hexachloroethane (GHE) and perchlorethylene are the main products except sodium formate in the catalytic hydrodechlorination CCl4 among sodium hydroxide solutions. The mutual transformation of hexachloroethane (GHE) and perchlorethylene occur during the conduct of the process. Takes into accounts that the need for the commercial industry in perchlorethylene significantly greater than in GHE, so the consistent pattern of the catalytic hydrodechlorination of GHE and pentahloretana, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,2-dichloroethane are studied it the paper. The catalyst is 1,5 wt.%. Pd on SIBUNIT. It is found that the percentage of substitution reactions of chlorine to hydrogen increases with decreasing the number of chlorine atoms in the molecule of poly chloroethane, reactivity of the product is lowered. Ethane and ethylene are the end products of the reaction with a sufficient contact time. kinetics of catalytic GHE hydrodechlorination Reaction is studied in the temperature range 353–393 K and hydrogen partial pressure 50–810 kPa. It is shown that perchlorethylene is the only product of the reaction, i.e. conversion of GHE is due to the cleavage reaction of two chlorine atoms, and the rate-limiting step of the process is the solubility of the product in aqueous alkaline reaction media. The form of the kinetic equation is defined w = 2,1·10–6exp[–(16200 ± ± 400)/RT]СГХЭСкатР0,5. The possibility of using of catalytic chlorohydrocarbons hydrodechlorination in the sodium hydroxide solutions for the processing ofr organochlorine wastes containing CCl4 and poly chloroethanes is proved experimentally.

The use of basalt fiber as a support for copper-molybdate catalyst for the oxidation of soot is shown in details. The heterogeneity of copper molybdate layer formed on the surface of basalt fibers is detected by SEM and XRD. The polymer-salt gel with an original equimolar ratio of Cu and Mo on the fiber is accompanied by leaching of iron from the basalt structure that perpetuates copper molybdate layer on the support during the subsequent pyrolysis and leads to the formation of phases Сu3Мо2О9 and FeO–Cu3Mo2O9, which in the process of catalytic combustion of soot decompose to СuMoO4 and oxides of CuO and Fe2O3. Composition of 5%СuMoO4/ basalt fiber after using in two cycles of the catalytic process provides the stable parameters of soot combustion, comparable to the activity of a bulk sample СuMoO4 (tmax = 403 °С, η(CO2) = 97,8 %). Results of the study are useful for the development of methods for forming composite structures of catalytic coatings particulate filters.

The pilot testing of the promoted alumino-palladium catalyst SGA-2M in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene on an industrial ethane-ethylene fraction (EEF) as feed in the system of two consecutive adiabatic flow reactor was performed. The process optimum conditions are identified at which acetylene conversion is 100 % with a selectivity of ethylene 68,2 %: the pressure in the system – 21 atm, space velocity of hydrocarbons – 1500 h–1, the concentration of carbon monoxide – 7 ppm, the molar ratio of H2 : C2H2 on the first and second stages of the hydrogenation is 1,0 : 1,0 and 1,4 : 1,0, temperature of feed at the entrance to the first and second reactors – 40 and 55 °C respectively. The service cycle of the catalyst SGA-2M under optimal conditions is estimated as 12 months. Catalyst SGA-2M can be recommended for treatment EEF, containing up to 2 %vol. of acetylene.

The block-metal catalysts for the selective oxidation of methane were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) using powder NiO, ZrO2, MgO, Al, Ni, and others. Catalytic tests of block samples were conducted in a flow reactor in a mixture of methane (29,6 %vol.) and air at 800 °C. It is shown that SH  catalysts reach the level of platinum and platinum-rhodium
catalysts in yield of a synthesis-gas (the total concentration of CO + H2), and in the case of Ni52,9ZrO29,5 composition the catalyst samples exceed platinum and platinum-rhodium catalysts. The experimental autothermal synthesis-gas generator with capacity of 30 m3/h is designed using a catalyst composition Ni52,9ZrO29,5. The process of synthesis-gas production by the carbon dioxide reforming of methane was carried out on powder of SHS catalysts Ni3Al, modified by Pt. The samples testing behavior were studied in a flow reactor with a fixed catalyst bed volume is 1 cm3, 600–1000 micron grain size at temperatures of 600–900 °C, flow rate (СН4 : СО2 : Не = 20 : 20 : 60 %vol.) 100 cm3/min. А high activity and stability of the developed catalysts in the conversion of natural gas to synthesis-gas are shown in a high-temperature oxidation-reduction environment.
That work is the first step on the way of producing dimethyl ether, which can be a real competitor to diesel.

Today one of the most promising methods for processing of renewable raw feed is pyrolysis, which allow to obtain a liquid organic products (bio-oil) from biomass. To produce а biodiesel fuel the preliminary elevation of biomass is necessary. It is advisable to carry out the process in two stages, the first of which, decarboxylation reduces aggressiveness (acidity) of the feed and the consumption of hydrogen in the second stage. A catalysts based on a noble metals usually are used for decarboxylation. There are also examples of the use of cheaper catalysts based on alkaline earth metals oxides but their lack of stability is a significant problem. We have investigated the activity of catalysts based on MgO in the decarboxylation reaction of biodiesel model compound (pentanoic acid) and the effect of modifying additives on the stability of magnesium-containing catalysts. The process was carried out under an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 350 °С and a pressure of 0,50 MPa. It is shown if to increase the MgO calcination temperature up to 1200 °C and to introduce the stabilizing additives (Al2O3, SiO2 and ZrO2) than deactivation is mainly due to the formation of carbonates and insoluble salts of magnesium, due to which these catalysts are more promising in terms of the possibility of regeneration.

A ricinoleic acid is produced by hydrolysis of a castor oil. A ricinoleic acid is used in medicine, veterinary medicine and as feed for organic synthesis of various valuable products. A promising way to obtain ricinoleic acid is enzymatic hydrolysis of castor oil, allowing to carry out the hydrolysis in mild conditions in the temperature range 35–45 °C, and without high pressure. The possibility of enzymatic hydrolysis of castor oil by lipase from Candida rugosa in the system «oil – water» without emulsifier is shown in the article. The method of hydrolysis in the absence of emulsifiers, which simplifies the process of separation of the expected product (a mixture of free fatty acids with a predominance of ricinoleic acid) and therefore process technology are offered. The used catalyst provide the environmental safety of the process. As a result of the pilot selection of hydrolysis conditions the 47 % yield of fatty acids was achieved.

The possibility of using the catalysts Pt/SAPO-31 for singlestep, in contrast to the industrial two-stage, conversion of vegetable oil to components of waxy diesel. The effect of metal content (0,5–2 wt.% Pt) in the catalyst on its physico-chemical and catalytic properties is studied. It was found that the decrease of catalyst activity during the reaction occurs regardless of the content of platinum, this is manifested in a decrease in their ability to isomerize and the emergence of oxygenates in the reaction products. The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts Pt/SAPO-31 are studied by IR-spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine, hydrogen chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the deterioration catalytic properties is due to poisoning of acid sites and reduction of the active surface of the metal component. There are demonstration of the ways to improve the stability of the samples Pt/SAPO-31 in hydro conversion of vegetable oil.

Rice hulls (RH) is a paddy rice waste product difficult to recycle. The method of RH carbonation in a fluidized bed reactor with a catalyst developed as a way of RH utilization. The ash formed after carbonization at 465-600 °C is carbon-silica nanocomposite material (C/SiO2) containing SiO2 58,7–81,8 weight.% and specific surface SBET = 152–232 m2/g. The porous carbon material with a specific surface area 165–494 m2/g and SiO2 content less than 1% were received during leaching SiO2 by hydrofluoric acid. These materials were characterized by SAXS, TEM and X-ray diffraction. Information about the size of SiO2 particles in the carbon-silica nanocomposites is obtained for the first time. It is found that increases in temperature carbonization from 465 to 600 °C leads to an increase in average size of silica particles from 5,5 to 8,1 nm. It is shown the promise for the development of methods for determining the size of the silica particles in a carbon matrix by SAXS for targeted design of porous carbon materials with predetermined properties. The RH carbonation method in a fluidized bed of catalyst is one of the most promising in terms of processing in RH C/SiO2 nanocomposites and porous carbon materials using
approaches template synthesis.