MgO based sorbents modified by 5–50 mol.% NaNO3 have been prepared by various methods and investigated in detail. It has been showed that optimal synthesis method is incipient wetness impregnation of MgO precursor with sodium nitrate water solution. The highest sorption capacity of 6.5 mmol CO2 g–1 sorb after 1 hour of sorption from the gas mixture with 50 vol.% CO2 at 320 °C was achieved using the MgO modified by 10 mol.% NaNO3. Sorption capacity for MgO modified by 10 mol.% NaNO3 during 10 consecutive sorption-desorption cycles is approximately 4.5–5.5 mmol CO2 g–1 sorb. The duration of the sorption stage is 30 min, the CO2 content in the feed gas is 50 vol.% and sorption-regeneration temperature is 300–350 °C respectively. It has been showed that increasing the sorption pressure to 10 bar allows reducing sorption temperature from 320 °C to 220–260 °C. The sorption capacity is reached up to 4.0 mmol CO2 g–1 sorb at 25 vol.% CO2 that is twice higher than that at 1 bar. It has been demonstrated that steam and hydrogen treatment before sorption doesn’t lead to a significant change in the sorption properties and phase composition of NaNO3 modified MgO-based sorbent.

The features of the catalytic action of bimetals such as Pd-Ag, Pd-Cu, Pd-Au, Pd-Ga, Pd-Zn on the conversion of acetylene to ethylene are considered. Two factors that determine the influence of the second metal on palladium – the ensemble effect (geometric effect) and the ligand effect (electronic effect) were taken into account. The relationship between the parameters obtained using calculation methods and experimentally established characteristics are shown. The calculated parameters are thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the adsorption interaction of the main components of the reaction medium and intermediates with the catalyst surface, the structure of active ensembles and the experimental ones are the structural parameters of bimetallic phases, the electronic state of their components, and catalytic properties of bimetals. The examples illustrating the possibility of the modifier atoms entering into active ensembles and the participation of the sites formed from modifier atoms in the catalysis of individual elementary stages are presented.

The review considers and analyzes methods for the synthesis of salicylic acid based on phenol, ortho-cresol, and benzoic acid reported in scientific and technical literature. The current trends in the progress of the “Kolbe–Schmitt process”-oriented technology (obtaining aromatic and heteroaromatic hydroxy acids by the action of CO2 on alkali metal phenolates) are shown. Data are presented on the effect of catalytic system composition and conditions of benzoic acid hydroxylation on the achieved values of conversion, selectivity, and purity of the product. The review can be useful in choosing a suitable source of raw materials and a method of precursor transformation for creating domestic production of salicylic acid, an important compound used in various industries.

A study was made of the efficiency of trapping solid microparticulates contained in diesel fuel for catalyst loading – an analogue of an industrial package of guard beds of hydroprocesses. The package of catalysts consisted of catalyst granules ranked by shape and size: segmented rings, hollow cylinders of two standard sizes and trilobe shape. The experiments were carried out in the trickle flow regime with a constant ensemble of microparticulates – iron scale with a size of 5 to 150 μm at the inlet of the catalysts loading. It was found that the penetration coefficient of the catalysts loading of the guard beds did not change significantly (K ≈ 0.985) during the experiment. At the same time, a linear increase in the pressure drop on the catalysts loading of the guard beds with a height of 17 cm from 220 to 408 Pa was observed which occurred as a result of the trapping of solid microparticulates by the catalyst granules. The theoretical estimate of the initial pressure drop (228 Pa) coincides with the experimental data (220 Pa) with good accuracy.