The results of physicochemical comparative study of Fischer – Tropsch industrial cobalt zeolite-containing catalysts are presented. The catalysts are based on heat-conductive additive (aluminum flakes or exfoliated graphite) and were tested in one tube industrial scale reactor (length – 6000 mm, inner diameter – 12 mm). For comparison purposes, the testing results of catalyst without heat-conductive additive are presented. It’s shown that exfoliated graphite-based catalyst is more suitable for industrial scale application in high syngas gas hour space velocities due to higher thermal stability and higher hydrocarbon productivity.

The study is dedicated to the performance of glass-fiber catalysts (GFCs) in the practically important reaction of hydrogen oxidation by oxygen in the media of carbon dioxide at elevated pressures. The samples of the catalysts were synthesized using Pt and Pd as active metals and thermostable high-silica glass-fiber textiles both unpromoted and promoted by Zr. The used catalyst preparation methods include surface thermal synthesis and leaching/impregnation approaches. All three tested samples showed approximately equal activity, but the preference was given to Pt-based GFC synthesized by means of surface thermal synthesis method because it uses the much cheaper and widely available glass-fiber textile instead of rare and expensive Zr-promoted materials. Resource testing of this catalyst for more than 200 hours demonstrated its high stability. The reaction rate may be described by kinetic equation corresponding to mass-action law with linear dependence upon the reaction pressure. The studied GFC may be arranged into structured cartridges with low pressure drop and highly intensive heat and mass transfer under the commercial process conditions, so its further practical application looks promising.

The sorption-catalytic steam conversion of CO using a mechanical mixture of 5 wt.% Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 catalyst grains and 10 mol.% NaNO3/MgO sorbent was studied. It was shown under the model conditions that initially MgO adsorbs СО2 only slightly, whereas its promotion with NaNO3 leads to a considerable growth of the adsorption dynamic capacity in the temperature range of 300–350 °С with a maximum at 320 °С. High activity and selectivity of the catalyst in steam conversion of CO were demonstrated for a model mixture with the composition (vol.%) 11.6 CO, 61 H2 and 27.4 H2O: the concentration of СО at the reactor outlet did not exceed 1 vol.% in the temperature range of 220– 400 °С (the minimum value of 0.3 vol.% was observed at 240 °С), and СН4 – at temperatures below 320 °С (0.61 vol.% at this point). The use of the sorbent in a mixture with the catalyst in the sorption-catalytic steam conversion of CO at 320 °С led to a considerable decrease in its sorption capacity; this may be related to the conversion of all NaNO3 into Na2CO3, which decomposed incompletely during regeneration. Nevertheless, this made it possible to decrease twofold the outlet concentrations of СО and СН4 as compared to the values observed at the indicated temperature in the experiment without a sorbent: particularly, in the middle of the first adsorption cycle they were equal to 6.1·10–4 and 8.2·10–2 vol.%, respectively, on a dry gas basis. Thus, the indicated approach to the sorption-catalytic conversion of CO was shown to be promising; further studies are needed to increase the capacity and stability of the presented type of sorbents.

The in situ formation of the catalytic heterogeneous-homogeneous system including the Al-M (M = Ni, Co, Cu) alloy and the Al(M)/Cl complex in a benzene-ethylene medium at a temperature of 80 °C and pressure 0.2–0.3 MPa was studied. Regularities were found in the interaction of Al-M alloys activated by the liquid-metal Ga-In eutectic with a chlorinating agent (CCl4), which led to the formation of catalytically active Al(M)/Cl metal-aluminum chloride complexes. Spectrokinetic measurements showed that reactivity of the activated alloys toward an excess of CCl4 can form the following series: Al-Cu ≈ Al-Ni > Al > Al-Co. The highest catalytic activity was observed for the nickel-aluminum chloride complexes; their selectivity to ethyl benzene was up to 48 %. According to IR and UV-vis spectroscopy data, the structure and composition of the metal-chloride complexes formed in situ in the aromatic reaction medium are determined by a combination of the coupled ion pairs [AlCl4]–tetrahed./[NiCl6]4–octahed. and [AlCl4]–tetrahed./[CuCl2]–lin. stabilized by the (C6H5)3C+ carbocation.

Two types of catalysts – Fenton catalysts based on Cu(I) and Fe(III), and polyoxometalates Mo(VI) and W(VI) – were compared in the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds by hydrogen peroxide and desulfurization of oil stock. Heterogeneous samples were represented by imidazolium salts chemically anchored on the silochrom surface and containing chloride complexes of iron and copper or anions of phosphomolybdic and tungstophosphoric acids. Thiophene (T), dibenzothiophene (DBT) and methyl phenyl sulfide (MPS) as well as the diesel fraction with the initial sulfur content of 1080 ppm were used as the model substrates. The reactivity of thiophene substrates was found to depend on the nature of metal-containing anions: on Cu and Fe catalysts, thiophene > DBT, while on polyoxometalate catalysts, DBT > thiophene. This effect was interpreted using literature data. The catalyst based on tungstophosphoric acid provided desulfurization of the diesel fraction of oil to the sulfur content < 10 ppm, which corresponds to modern environmental standards.

The paper considers technical feasibility of the direct monetization of casing-head gas, which is being flared now. The proposed approach is based on the technology of low-temperature steam conversion of hydrocarbons, which makes it possible to enhance the quality of flame gases to comply with the requirements on a fuel for gas-piston and gas-turbine power stations. The synthesis and performance of advanced rhodium catalysts for the low-temperature steam conversion of flame gas are discussed. For such catalysts, mixed cerium-zirconium oxides are most promising as the supports. The indicated catalysts have some advantages over the well-studied nickel catalysts in the low-temperature steam conversion of hydrocarbons.

The study revealed the effect of a clay with different content of iron oxides introduced into the cracking catalyst composition on the distribution of feedstock sulfur in the products and on the amount of sulfur oxides formed upon regeneration of the coked catalyst after cracking of the model sulfur-containing feedstock with a sulfur content of 10 000 ppm from 2-methylthiophene or benzothiophene. The use of a sulfur compound with a higher molecular weight increased the fraction of the feedstock sulfur passing into liquid products and coke. When iron oxidecontent in the catalyst was increased from 0.61 to 1.53 wt.% upon cracking of the model feedstock, the yield of liquid products increased, the conversion of model hydrocarbon decreased, and the yield of coke on the catalyst grew from 3.8 to 5.2 wt.%; in the process, the fraction of the feedstock sulfur that passed into SO2 increased fourfold.

Bifunctional catalysts based on NiMo(W) sulfides and a ZSM-23-Al2O3 composite support have been synthesized. Their properties were studied in the transformations of diesel fractions with different nitrogen content (< 1, 10 and 20 ppm). It was demonstrated that the synthesized catalysts could be used to obtain hydrogenizates with the limiting filterability temperature  –38 °C, which comply with the requirements of GOST R 55475-2013 to the content of gasoline fraction and aromatic compounds, and the derived cetane number. Properties of the developed catalysts based on NiMo and NiW sulfides and characteristics of the corresponding hydrogenizates were compared with each other. In addition, properties of the developed samples were compared with the properties of a foreign commercial platinum catalyst for isodeparaffinization. The synthesized catalysts were found to be less selective than the reference sample, but more stable to N-containing compounds in the feedstock.

In this work, the effect exerted by the type of polysaccharide support for immobilization and encapsulation on the stability of chemotrypsin was studied. The synthesized biocatalysts were compared with respect to their proteolytic activity. The highest proteolytic activity equal to 192 U/g was observed for the cellulose-chitosan composite. It was found that immobilization slightly shifts the temperature and pH optima of chemotrypsin; however, they are substantially expanded toward higher temperatures and alkaline pH values. A relative increase in the activity of immobilized chemotrypsin was most pronounced in the case of cellulose-chitosan composite. After a 24 month storage of cellulose-chitosan and cellulose-alginate composites, a decrease in chemotrypsin activity did not exceed 45–50 %. The study revealed that the optimal support for immobilization of chemotrypsin is the cellulose-chitosan composite.

In the article "Hydrogenation of 1,3-pentadiene on modified Pd-containing catalysts" by the authors L.M. Kustov, A.L. Tarasov, A.L. Kustov, published in the journal Kataliz v promyshlennоsti/Catalysis in Industry, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2022, p. 31–37 (DOI 10.18412/1816-0387-2022-3-31-37) an error was made in the grant number in the acknowledgment, which should be corrected as follows: The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for financial support (project No. 075- 15-2021-978).