A series of aluminophosphates (APO) catalysts with Ce, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, V and W oxide loading at a constant ratio M : Al = 1 : 10 and PO4 : Al = 1 : 12 were prepared and characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD and NH3-TPD. Gas-phase dehydration of glycerol to produce acrolein and acetol was investigated at 280 °C in presence of water. Conversion and product distribution depended on the intrinsic acidity and the type of transition metal oxide. Best selectivity to acrolein (52–58 %) was obtained for W- und Mo-APO catalysts. Cr-, Mn- and W-oxide containing catalysts enhanced the formation of phenol, acetaldehyde and COx. The catalysts containing V- and Fe-oxide promoted the formation of allyl alcohol. All catalysts showed long term stability, which can be attributed to the redox ability of the metal oxides that enhances the removal of coke deposits. The investigated catalyst a specially W-APO and Mo-APO can be recommended for further controlled trials on a pilot plant for selective conversion of water solution of glycerol acrolein and/or acetol.

There is investigation of practically important chain with hydrogen transfer in the polymerization of propylene on the Ti-Mg-catalyst (TMC). The catalyst has a TiCl4/D1/MgCl2–AlEt3/D2 composition in which electron donor compounds D1 (internal donor) and D2 (external donor) enable a high stereospecificity of the catalyst. Proposed two-step reaction mechanism of chain transfer, which explains the fractional order of hydrogen concentration rate, and proposed determining method of the rate constants for the reaction on a wide range of hydrogen concentrations for catalysts with different donors. The values of these constants are high and close to the rate constants of growth for catalysts containing as internal donor, 1,3-diester of dibutyl phthalate, without an external donor or tetraethoxysilane as D2. When using dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane instead of tetraethoxysilane the rate constant for chain transfer is about five times lower.The obtained data can be used to industrial propylene polymerization simulate and to molecular weight of the polymer regulate.

Physic-mechanical and rheological properties of ethylene with α-olefins copolymers are determined by molecular and supramolecular structure, which depends on the molecular-mass characteristics, comonomer content, as well as the uniformity of branching of polymer chains with different molecular weights (compositional heterogeneity). Parameters of molecular weight distribution, molecular structure and compositional heterogeneity of ethylene with hexene-1 copolymers with different compositions, obtained by high-active Ti- and V–Mg Ziegler-Natta catalysts are studied, and the possibility of regulating these parameters to improve the polymers quality are shown.

The formation of alkylphenols, which are intermediates in the oil dope production (phenol alkylation by ethylene oligomers) in the presence of macroporous catalyst «Amberlyst 36 Dry» is studied. Sulphocationit «Amberlyst 36 Dry» is much simpler in comparison with the conventional catalyst KU2-8CHS, has more longer life, but also increases the speed, conversion and selectivity. We found that ethylene oligomers, containing the largest number of vinylidene olefins with internal double bond are most active in the alkylation. Linear α-olefins are much less active in the alkylation. The ratio of ortho- and para-isomers of alkylphenols is mainly determined by the structure of olefins and temperature, and unchanged with increasing duration of the process. Established that the rate of conversion alkylphenyl ethers alkylphenols depends on the structure of the alkyl radical of the ether. It is shown that the conversion rate of alkylphenyl ethers to alkylphenols depends on the structure of the alkyl radical of the ether. Alkylphenols fully complying with the specifications can be obtained with practically quantitative yield of oligomers of ethylene at 135 °C and a molar ratio of ethylene oligomers : phenol = 1: 6.

Presents the systematic study results of formation conditions of titanium-containing zeolite and its catalytic activity in the liquid-phase epoxidation of olefins by aqueous hydrogen peroxide in methanol. The yield of olefin oxide is used as a criterion of the catalyst activity. Samples obtained at the initial molar ratio tetrabutoxytitanium (TBOT) : tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) = 0,04÷0,06, molar ratio of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide: tetraethoxysilane = 0,25÷0,5, 40–60-h hydrothermal treatment of 170 °C are most catalytically active. Titanium-containing zeolite is washed either demineralized water or methyl alcohol. Calcining is carried out at 550 °C. The catalyst was synthesized in optimum conditions, allows to obtain yield of olefins oxides 90–95 % in the quantitative conversion of hydrogen peroxide.

Influence of the properties of additives to the cracking catalyst on reducing of sulfur concentration in cracking liquid products was investigated. How acid-base properties of additives to cracking catalyst affect on the feed sulfur redistribution between gaseous and liquid products (including gasoline fraction with boiling point temperature 200 °C) was shown. Results show unlike previously adopted by many opinions about the approach to preparing such additives, as well as what should be considered not only the influence of acid-base properties of additives, but the reaction of aromatization promoting the formation of hydrogenated derivatives of thiophene, unstable conditions in catalytic cracking. Shown that increasing the acidity of additives was studied by ammonia TPD, contributes to a lower residual sulfur content in liquid products of cracking. Increasing of intensity and concentration of the base centers does not reduce the sulfur concentration. The presence of both acidic and base centers in the structure of the mixed Mg-Al oxides with spinel structure, achieves more clean gasoline from sulfur than only in the presence of acid centers. As an addition to the cracking catalyst «LUX» (OAO «GazpromNeft-Omsk Refinery») used oxides of some metals (Zn, Zr, Cr, Ce, Cu, Ca, Mg, Al) with different acid-base properties. The data obtained allow to proceed to the development of new catalysts for cracking (or additions to existing ones) that promote production of motor fuels (gasoline) to meet more stringent requirements on sulfur content. The obtained data allows to develop a new catalysts for cracking (or additions to existing ones) that promote production of motor fuels (gasoline) to meet more stringent requirements on sulfur content.

There are ways of development and modernization of Russian oil refineries based on an analysis of presentations by Russian and foreign companies at 10-th Conference of Russian and CIS oil residue processing technologies, held by «Euro Petroleum Consultants» in Moscow 23–24 September 2010. It is shown that in today situation for the economic crisis ending the main trends for development of Russian oil refining industry are: the rationalization of production capacity; modernization of existing plants to increase the depth of processing and increase the profitability of production; meeting the growth in consumption of motor (primarily diesel) fuels and improve their quality indicators for European standards; reducing energy consumption, improving monitoring systems and the optimization of plants to improve efficiency, reliability, minimize environmental risk in the enterprise. The main direction of oil refining in Russia and CIS countries should be the development of hydrogenation processes which can obtain from cheap high sulfur feed a high-quality products and qualified to prepare feedstock for catalytic cracking process. Considered processing technology for naphtha residue are: hydrogenation processes, catalytic cracking, new and improved catalysts for hydrocracking and catalytic cracking, hydrofining of heavy oil residues, technology for hydrogen production.

For the first time we studied the effect of the surface chemical composition of the carbon catalysts on the basis of carbon material series «Sibunit» («Sibunit-4»), prepared by oxidative treatment by various oxidants on their catalytic properties in liquid-phase oxidation of formic acid by hydrogen peroxide. We detect the activity of «pure» carbon samples in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and oxidation of organic substrates by hydrogen peroxide, which decreases with increasing number of carboxyl and lactone groups on the surface of the carbon catalyst. The rates of these processes in the presence of carbon catalysts are lower than in the presence of even small quantities of homogenous ion Fe3+. It is shown that the carbon samples, depending on the ratio of surface carboxyl and lactone groups and Fe3+ ions in the reaction solution, accelerate, or on the contrary, inhibit the reaction of peroxide oxidation of organic substrates catalyzed by iron ions. Possible mechanisms of acceleration and inhibition of peroxidation reactions of carbon catalysts are discussed. Established influence of the chemical properties of the carbon catalysts surface should be taken into account in the development of catalysts and processes for the oxidative treatment of industrial effluents.

The use of synthesis gas produced on board the car as an addition to the main fuel fed to the engine delivers its operation on the dilute fuel mixtures. This leads to decreasing of toxic emissions and increasing of fuel efficiency. In order to create new types of efficient catalysts for the conversion of hydrocarbon and synthetic fuels for on-board synthesis gas generator used new approaches to the design of catalysts – not only as a catalytically active materials, but also as an elements of the design of chemical reactors. Series of catalysts for the conversion of hydrocarbons – natural gas, diesel and biodiesel fuels, biofuels and alcohols – ethanol, methanol to synthesis gas are prepared and tested. Metal mesh or porous tapes are used as the first support for catalysts, the second are oxides of aluminum and magnesium, deposited or sintered to the first support. Catalysts are highly thermally stable, characterized by matching the thermal expansion coefficients of the support material and a catalytically active layer, high mechanical strength. The catalysts can be used as structural elements of the reactor, manufacture based on these a monolithic blocks and planar elements of radial and planar reactors. The tests developed catalysts are: laboratory, more scale, and as part of car on-board generators.

There are activity changes of alumina catalyst AO-NKZ-2 (AO-MK-2) in the Claus reaction and carbonyl sulphide conversion during four years operation in the Claus reactor of Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine. Coke gas cleaning line with average temperature 245–260 °C and volume velocity 2000 h–1. There are rate constants of Claus reactions and COS conversion; how active catalyst surface is changing. The resource of the Claus catalyst was estimated. We found fundamental differences in the rate and mechanism of catalyst deactivation in the Claus reaction of hydrogen sulfide conversion and in the carbonyl sulphide conversion.

The reaction of glycerol steam reforming on new composite materials as a catalysts, resulting from low-temperature wave transformation of the energy component and the Ni-containing particles was studied. We found that for μ-64,8 % Ni/C and μ-41 % Ni/C samples at moderate temperatures (520 °C) values of the glycerol conversion is comparable or even greater than for traditional 65 % Ni/SiO2–Al2O3-catalyst, and the composition of the resulting synthesis gas satisfies the requirements for methanol synthesis. With almost complete conversion of glycerol (t > 700 °C) there is a high selectivity to hydrogen (60 %), which may determine the application of new materials as catalysts for hydrogen production. There is possibility of glycerol with 80 % of water recycling to synthesis gas and hydrogen.

The 3rd International Nanotechnology Forum (Nanoforum) was held in Moscow, within the framework of which business and scientific programs, a representative exhibition, the Rusnanoprize international award in the field of nanotechnology and the Russian youth award in the field of nanoindustry were held, and the results of the international competition of scientific works of young scientists in the field of nanotechnology.