A successful replacement of expensive propylene with propane via the development of the catalysts for ammoxidation to acrylonitrile is an important and open challenge. To date, multicomponent oxide catalysts MomVnTekNbх are the most perspective in the ammoxidation of propane to acrylonitrile. Reproducibility of the physicochemical and catalytic characteristics is very large problem. To optimize the technology of catalyst synthesis we have studied influence of the method of the slurry drying of aqueous suspension of starting chemicals (heat evaporation or spray drying) on the formation of Mo1V0,3Te0,23(Nb0,12)-oxide catalysts. It was demonstrated that the method of the slurry drying has a pronounced effect on the chemical and phase composition of solid precursor which ultimately influences the phase formation of final Mo1V0,3Te0,23(Nb0,12)-oxide catalyst at high temperature treatment. The slurry spray drying provides required the physicochemical characteristics (specific surface and phase composition) guaranteeing the most high activity and selectivity of the catalysts in the ammoxidation of propane to acrylonitrile. The catalysts contain two main crystalline phases, orthorhombic M1 and hexagonal M2 in optimal ratio.

The influence of promoter (Pd), modifying additives of rare earth oxides (La2O3, CeO2) and transient (NiO, CuO) metals on the activity of the Co3O4/kordierit catalyst in O2 and NO recovery by hydrogen is studied. It is shown that the adding of Pd and the rare-earth oxides in the cobalt oxide catalyst increases its activity in the reaction H2 + 1/2O2 → H2O, 2H2 + 2NO → N2 + 2H2O and selectivity in the oxygen recovery with hydrogen in the presence of NO. Such a phenomenon can be caused by decrease in bonding strength of oxygen with a surface and formation of low-temperature form of oxygen which is non-typical for unpromoted cobalt-oxide catalyst. Structured Pd- Co3O4–La2O3/cordierite catalyst, which surpasses the commercial granulated silver-manganese one (used in purification of technological gases of production of hydroxylaminesulphate from impurity of oxygen) with reference to activity and selectivity (in the course of oxygen reduction in the presence of nitric oxide) as well as thermal stability, is developed.

Reactions of alkylene oxides with carbon dioxide is the basis of industrial technology of ethylene- and propylene carbonate production. The search for a new catalytic systems for these processes are important because of the possibility of more energy-efficiently production of ethylene- and propylene glycol. The work objective is a comparison of the catalytic activity of halides in the reaction of oxide propylene and carbon dioxide in the presence of tetrasubstituted phosphonium and ammonium halides; a assess the feasibility of their use in industrial technology alkylene carbonate and glycols as active catalytic systems. It is shown that the triphenylphosphine halides more catalytically active than analogues on the basis of triethanolamine. Triphenylphosphine bromides have same effective as a catalysts based on potassium iodide. High activity of these catalysts in the propylene production, as well as good solubility in the reaction mass allows to offer them for development of industrial technology for consistent and alkylene carbonate alkylene glycol.

Industrially important gas-phase synthesis of ethane series Freon on the Cr-Mg-catalyst for its improvement are investigated (hydrofluorination of perchlorethylene to pentafluoroethane (Halocarbon-125) and trichloroethylene to 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (Refrigerant-134a). Influence of reaction conditions: temperature, contact time, pressure on the rate and selectivity of the reactions are studied and the mechanism of reactions taking into account the process multistage is researched. Computational method for estimating the optimal content of the active component and the specific surface is applied. It is shown that the optimal content of the active component and the catalyst activity increases with increasing specific surface of the support – MgF2. The increase of specific surface MgF2 from 100 to 200 m2/g, could lead to increased activity almost in two times. But forming such a highly dispersed MgF2 is difficult, besides the catalyst would be low thermostable. Therefore, the possibility of significant improvement of industrial Cr–Mg-catalysts activity in the current technology is limited. Significant improvement of catalytic properties for gas-phase freon synthesis is possible when changing the method of catalyst preparation and chemical composition of the support.

Catalytic dehydroxylation of glycerol in the flow regime is one way of recycling its surplus accumulating in the production of biodiesel. For the first time the possibility of glycerol dehydroxylation on the Raney Ni catalysts and Ni–Cr2O3 in flow units was investigated. It’s found that the Raney Ni catalyst is more active in the glycerol dehydroxylation compared with Ni-Cr2O3. The conversion of glycerol and 1,2-propanediol yield on Raney Ni are respectively 88 and 35 %, and on Ni–Cr2O3 –16 and 6,5 % at 220 °C and a 2 MPa hydrogen pressure. However, there is by-products large formation – ethylene glycol, simple alcohols and methane. Yield of by-product acetol significantly reduces, what is ultimately increases the efficiency of process at a hydrogen pressure more than 2 MPa. The Raney Ni catalyst can be used for glycerol dehydroxylation in the flow-through units in relatively mild conditions – at temperatures up to 240 °C and pressures up to 2 MPa.

Survey the problems of processing oil residues in the present stage o oil refining industry, the journal introduces readers to the materials of 5th Russia&CIS Bottom of the Barrel Technology Conference Exhibition «BBTC 2010» (22–23 April 2010, Moscow), organized by «Euro Petroleum Consultans» (EPC). The main focus of the conference was the presentation of developments and the recommendations of the Russian («Gazpromneft», Moscow Oil Refinery, GrozNII, Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, VNIPIneft) and foreign («EPC», «Foster Wheeler», «Shell Global Solutions», «Nalco», «ConocoPhillips», «Haldor Topsшe», «KBR», «Du Pont Clean Technologies», «Axens», «Lurgi», «Chevron Lummus Global», «UOP», «Criterion Catalysts & Technologies») institutions, companies and firms. On the base of Russian and foreign participants presentations in the article the problem of processing oil residues, results and prospects of development of catalytic technology is discussed.

The studies show the possibility of efficient catalytic synthesis of methanol from nitrogen ballasted synthesis gas, which is formed as a result of power machines such as a diesel or gas turbine. Dependences of the CO and CO2 conversion for cycle, the quality of methanol from the synthesis gas composition, and the kinetic patterns of methanol synthesis on the G-79-7GL catalyst produced by «Züd Chemie» are characterized. It is shown that behaviors of CO and CO2 conversion, also methanol quality from the reaction conditions (pressure, temperature, and flow rate of the gas mixture) are the same for nitrogen ballasted synthesis gas and synthetic gas, which does not contain nitrogen, but the conversion of CO with increasing concentration of nitrogen ballast is significantly reduced. The studies make the basis for creation of nonvolatile plants for hydrocarbon gases processing to methanol and motor fuels.

We consider the coke deactivation of the catalyst in higher nparaffins dehydrogenation. The schemes of coke formation on the catalyst, depending of the process conditions are showed. An adequate mathematical model of the process are described. The algorithm for dehydrogenation catalysts optimal mode calculating is given and the results of calculations are presented. Different brands dehydrogenation catalysts on several parameters (coke formation on catalyst, the byproduct yield and dynamics of temperature raising in the reactor) are compared. The model can be used to assess the effectiveness of catalysts during the cycle and compare the performance of catalysts.

To optimize the chemical composition of catalysts for pyrolysis gasoline dienes and vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons selective hydrogenation there is investigation of influence of acid-base and textural characteristics of support, modified by sodium compounds additives, on activity and stability of catalysts in hydrogenation, oligomerization of unsaturated compounds. It is shown that the rate of oligomeric compounds formation depends on Lewis (QСО > 34 kJ/mol) and Bransted (νон = 3688 см–1) points number. With the growth of their total content on the surface of catalysts, the rate of oligomeric hydrocarbon formation increases. Number of surface condensation products is determined by the concentration of strong aprotic centers QСО > 35 kJ/mol. Alumina support samples with high surface concentration of medium Lewis centers, wedge-shaped or conical pores and preferential distribution of porometric volume in pores of 5–15 nm diameter are characterized by large oligomers forming ability for unsaturated compounds. The catalysts containing 0,5 wt.% Na have less oligomers forming ability and high stabile activity in the hydrogenation of diene and vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons of pyrolysis gasoline. For pyrolysis gasoline dienes and vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons selective hydrogenation they recommend the catalyst with 0,5 wt.% Pd, deposited from palladium acetylacetonate on δ-Al2O3 modified by 0,5 wt.% Sodium, which is characterized by absence of long wedge-shaped or conical shape pores and predominantly (60,7 %) distribution of porometric volume in pores dп > 15 nm, low aprotic acidity (L = 3,1 mmol/g), what reduces the amount of formed seal products (V = 3,6 mg/(gkat·h)) and high stabile activity (DF = 0,68 g J2/100 g) in the hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds.