The development of catalysts requires a large number of fundamental and empirical studies. If the objective of the work is industrial implementation, then the tasks include studying the properties of industrial large-tonnage raw materials and the work is complicated by the need to adapt it to the technology being developed. The paper compares the structural characteristics and elemental composition of a number of industrial aluminum hydroxides with the physical and chemical characteristics of metastable aluminum oxides obtained from them. The performance of aluminum oxide catalysts was studied in the reaction of skeletal isomerization of n-butylenes in laboratory stands. It has been established that impurity ions have a greater effect on the catalytic performance of samples, unlike textural characteristics. The effect of peptizers (orthophosphoric and citric acids) on the properties of acid-type catalysts has been studied for the first time. It has been shown for the first time that despite the increase in the concentration of acid sites on the surface of aluminum oxide obtained using orthophosphoric acid, its catalytic activity is several times lower than that of a catalyst pre-peptized with citric acid and characterized by a lower concentration of acid sites.

Iron-containing catalysts based on mesostructured silicate SBA-15 were synthesized via the co-condensation method in an acidic medium (1.6 M HCl) with initial gel Fe/Si molar ratios of 5, 15, and 20%. Powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, and electron microscopy confirmed that the synthesized catalysts retain the ordered hexagonal mesostructure characteristic of SBA-15. X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed that the iron content in the final samples does not exceed 0.06 mol%. For pure SBA-15, fiber length is ~2 μm with a thickness of ~0.2 μm. Introducing an iron precursor into the synthetic solution elongated the particles of iron-containing catalysts to 10–30 μm, while thickness remained virtually unchanged. The catalysts were tested in the hydrolysis and oxidation with atmospheric oxygen of soluble hemicellulose sugars from aspen wood, isolated via hydrolytic treatment. The maximum formic acid yield reached 25.8 wt% (150°C, 5 h).

A comparative analysis of studies devoted to the development of technologies for the catalytic copolymerization of CO₂ and epoxides to obtain popular polymer products, including polycarbonates and polyurethanes, has been carried out. The use of CO₂ as a carbon-containing raw material using these technologies provides the opportunity to obtain market products with high added value. The known catalytic copolymerization systems of CO₂ and epoxides, the principles of their functioning, industrial applications and prospects for further commercialization are considered. Information is provided about well-known global companies and their capacities for the production of the polymers in question.

This review has highlighted the main methods of obtaining solketal from acetone and glycerol, widely used as a solvent for resins, paints and varnishes, in cleaning agents, and as a fuel additive to motor fuels. Focus on new and promising methods using batch reactors (BR) and continuous reactors (CR) developed over the past 5 years. It is shown that the usage of additional external influence on the BR, for example, microwave, ultrasound or cavitation allows considerably increasing reaction rate and yield of solketal. Reaction between glycerol and acetone in BR in the presence of photo- and membrane catalysts is demonstrated to be the fundamentally new methods of synthesis in solketal. Among the processes in CR, of greatest interest are microreactor and microchannel technologies, since they allow solving the problems of intensifying the production of solketal. The advantages and limitations of these methods are analyzed, and assumptions are made about their further development.

The paper presents the results of real implementation of the acetaldehyde hydrogenation stage into the industrial process for ethyl acetate production by ethanol dehydrogenation. It has been shown for the first time with the selection of optimal conditions in parallel with acetaldehyde hydrogenation it is possible to obtain an increase in ethyl acetate, which is confirmed by the data from the pilot plant data and kinetic modeling data. The studies were carried out on a pilot plant with a production rate of 200 l/h, analytical control was carried out by the chromatographic method. The results obtained show that, in comparison with similar works, it is possible to simultaneously achieve acetaldehyde hydrogenation and an increase in ethyl acetate. The implementation of the selective hydrogenation stage of by-products will facilitate the isolation of commercial-quality ethyl acetate from the reaction mass, as well as increase the product yield due to the return of ethanol formed at the selective hydrogenation stage back into the reactor. Also, this paper provides practical recommendations on the operating modes of the catalyst.

The changes in the activity and structure of a high-performance Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst during operation on a pilot plant in a 14 mm diameter reaction tube of a 6-meter Fischer-Tropsch reactor were studied. Heat was removed by water on the equilibrium line and by intensive heat removal due to a «water-water vapor» phase transition. The initial catalyst, the catalyst from the overheating zone (in case of violation of the process mode) and the normal operating temperature region were studied using a number of physicochemical methods (physical nitrogen sorption, helium pycnometry; electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis). It was shown that the leading synthesis reduced cobalt-containing component of the catalyst is deactivated due to carbonization and blocking with high-molecular products (waxes). During normal operation of the lower layers, highly dispersed carbon is formed from the gas phase and the porous system of granules changes with a decrease (in the overheating zone) in the true density. Partial reduction of cobalt oxide on the surface of flaked graphite to a metallic state during thermolysis of the catalyst precursor was detected. The cobalt particles of 20-50 Å in size obtained during catalyst activation can, due to surface diffusion and coalescence, produce clusters of 200-300 Å in size during further operation.

The influence of the concentration of Na⁺, Cl^-, HCO^3- ions on the efficiency of photocatalytic destruction of model organic dyes is considered: cationic - methylene blue (MB); anionic - methyl orange (MO). Using monthly monitoring of hydrochemical parameters of polluted rivers of urbanized areas (Khabarovsk, Russia) during 2023, it is shown that the concentration of ions varies in the ranges: 10–450 mg/l for HCO^3-; 13–180 mg/l for Na⁺; 1–360 mg/l for Cl^-. The kinetics of photodestruction of model pollutants was studied at concentrations of the studied ions of 0, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 mg/l (for crystalline substance) using the reference photocatalyst titanium dioxide (P25). The photodestruction time (t) was estimated at different values ​​of the conversion degree (α) of model pollutants at: initial – ^10%t; middle – ^50%t; final – ^90%t stages of the photocatalytic process. The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants were calculated on the linear section of the kinetic curves. The effect of the concentration of Na⁺, Cl^-, HCO^3- ions on the degree of titanium dioxide dispersion was studied based on the turbidity values ​​of the photocatalytic solution at the dark stage.